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#Nigeria to open two #Chinese-backed #Lithium processing plants this year

Posted on May 26, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng One comment

Note: Canada is a resource-rich country. Canada does not have to go to another continent for critical mineral. Canada needs investment and technology development (refining and recycling). Bring the investment to Canada.

LAGOS, May 26 (Reuters) – Nigeria is set to commission two major lithium processing plants this year, the country’s mining minister announced on Sunday, marking a shift from raw mineral exports towards adding value domestically.

The facilities, largely funded by Chinese investors, could help transform Nigeria’s vast mineral wealth into jobs, technology, and manufacturing growth within the country. Mining Minister Dele Alake said a $600 million lithium processing plant near the Kaduna-Niger border is slated for commissioning this quarter, while a $200 million lithium refinery on the outskirts of Abuja is nearing completion. Two additional processing plants are expected in Nasarawa state, which borders the capital Abuja, before the third quarter of 2025, the minister said. “We are now focused on turning our mineral wealth into domestic economic value – jobs, technology, and manufacturing,” Alake said. Over 80% of the funding for the four facilities has been provided by Chinese firms, including Jiuling Lithium Mining Company and Canmax Technologies, according to separate announcements by governors of the states where the plants are located.

Yes, Canada is considered a resource-rich country. It has abundant natural resources, including:

Energy Resources:
- Oil and Natural Gas: Canada has some of the largest reserves of oil in the world, particularly in the oil sands of Alberta. It is a major exporter of oil and natural gas, especially to the United States.
- Hydroelectric Power: Canada is a leader in hydroelectricity production, with large dams and water resources, especially in provinces like Quebec and British Columbia.
Minerals and Metals:
- Gold, Silver, and Platinum: Canada has significant reserves of precious metals, making it one of the largest producers of gold and other precious metals.
- Nickel, Copper, and Zinc: The country is a leading producer of these metals, which are essential for various industries, including manufacturing and electronics.
- Uranium: Canada is one of the world’s top producers of uranium, used in nuclear power generation.
Forests:
- Canada has vast forest resources, making it one of the largest producers of timber and paper products. The forest industry is especially important in provinces like British Columbia and Quebec.
Agricultural Resources:
- Canada is a major producer of wheat, canola, and other crops. It also has extensive livestock farming, including cattle and poultry.
Freshwater:
- Canada holds around 20% of the world’s freshwater supply, making it an important resource for both domestic use and potential global trade.

These resources contribute significantly to Canada’s economy, especially through exports, and help maintain its position as one of the world’s wealthiest nations in terms of natural wealth

Metals

Impact of #US Tariffs on #Canadian #Nickel Industry

Posted on December 12, 2024 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

Tariffs will disrupt the long-standing flow of nickel between Canada and the US

Canada is the single largest supplier of nickel metal to the US market, typically delivering between 35–40% of the United States’ annual primary nickel requirements over the past decade according to trade statistics and CRU’s Nickel Service. However, US President-Elect Donald Trump has announced potential 25% tariffs on Canadian imports, threatening to disrupt the flow of nickel across the border.

This will not only have a negative impact on the Canadian nickel industry, which is already struggling with high costs amid a global market in chronic surplus, but also on the US industry that needs a stable and secure source of high-purity nickel in a world that is increasingly dominated by China.

US market has no domestic nickel industry and is fully reliant on imports

In the US, nickel is largely used to make stainless steel followed by uses in foundry, alloying and plating applications – very little nickel is used domestically in battery applications. When it comes to stainless steel, the US has a mature scrap collection and distribution network meeting more than 80% of stainless-steel nickel requirement. The remainder needs to be secured by purchasing ferronickel or high-purity nickel. For all other applications, high-purity nickel is required.

The US has one operating nickel mine located in Michigan, owned by Lundin. This mine produces a concentrate that is exported, given the US has no domestic nickel smelters or refineries with the capability to process nickel-bearing concentrates. However, this mine is anticipated to exhaust its production by the end of 2025, leaving the US with no domestic nickel industry. As a result, the US will be completely reliant on imports to meet its primary nickel requirements.

Depending on the permanence of tariffs, US domestic nickel refining may become an attractive proposition and there is at least one company with plans to build a carbonyl nickel refinery producing high-purity nickel. However, the challenge this plant will have is sourcing intermediate feed.

Tariffs will push Canadian nickel to other markets

Although Canada is home to several large nickel producers, only one has the right surface assets and ore sources to be able to supply the US market from Canada. Vale produces high-purity nickel from its Sudbury and Long Harbor operations. However, its Canadian assets sit in the third and fourth quartile of CRU’s Net Cash Cost Excl. Royalties Industry Costs Curve.

Despite being positioned near the top of the cost curve, Vale’s operations appear to be able to turn a profit at YTD prices. However, when simulating for the impact of tariffs, Vale’s operations come under tremendous pressure.

Read more at: https://www.crugroup.com/en/communities/thought-leadership/2024/impact-of-us-tariffs-on-canadian-nickel-industry/

Metals

New tracking system to prevent fraud in #Nickel, #Tin mining

Posted on July 23, 2024 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

The government has launched an online tracking system for nickel and tin shipments to increase state revenue and improve governance in the mining sector. Already implemented for coal shipments since 2022, the Mineral and Coal Information System (Simbara) has now been expanded to encompass nickel and tin and is to be applied to other metallic minerals in the future.

Resource-rich Indonesia is the world’s biggest producer of nickel and one of the largest producers of tin. Simbara will enable the government to track the supply of nickel and tin from mines to domestic smelters. Finance Ministry Budget Director General said the government had launched the online tracking system for nickel and tin shipments given the two commodities’ increasingly strategic role in national and global economic development.

#Scientists find new way to enhance durability of #Lithium batteries.

Posted on June 12, 2024 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

Safe and efficient energy storage is important for American prosperity and security. With the adoption of both renewable energy sources and electric vehicles on the rise around the world, it is no surprise that research into a new generation of batteries is a major focus. Researchers have been developing batteries with higher energy storage density and, thus, longer driving range. Other goals include shorter charging times, greater tolerance to low temperatures and safer operation.

One of the more promising such batteries has a lithium-containing cathode supplemented with nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC). At the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, a team of scientists has recently developed a new coating method for NMC cathodes with high nickel content, which boosts the energy density substantially. The cathode is the positively charged battery component that supplies lithium ions that shuffle between it and the battery’s negatively charged electrode, called the anode, during cycling.

The repeated charging of batteries under conditions of high voltage and rapid recharge leads to structural instability and breakdown over time. To overcome the problem, Argonne scientists developed a new coating that allows the cathode particles to withstand the fracturing in their crystalline structure that had previously occurred upon cycling. They call this material “epitaxial entropy-assisted coating,” or EEC for short. According to Xu, “entropy assistance” ensures that the coating helps to prevent the breakdown of the material beneath it due to a thermodynamic effect, which leads materials to naturally become destabilized over time.

A millennial is building #America’s first #Nickel-#Cobalt refinery

Posted on March 1, 2024 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

America had no nickel-cobalt refineries of its own.

The promise of the largesse doled out by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), Joe Biden’s signature bill to catalyse America’s clean-energy transition. Subsidies for electric cars attracted $110bn in investments in green manufacturing and battery-making within a year of the IRA’s passage in 2022. But as firms boosted production it became clear that China’s grip on the world’s mineral mines and refineries could prove perilous for its political foes. If China decides not to export refined metals tomorrow, as it has threatened to do, dozens of brand-new American gigafactories could soon sit idle.

Even with subsidies, mining and refining in America are not for the faint of heart. Regulations can make both activities uncompetitive. But the maths flipped in refiners’ favour in December 2023 when the tax agencies charged with implementing the IRA made it more protectionist. Their new rules clarified that companies selling electric cars made with materials processed by firms with at least 25% Chinese ownership are ineligible for subsidies. For makers of batteries and cars this was bad news—their inputs got pricier overnight.

#Pentagon plans #AI-based program to estimate prices for critical minerals

Posted on January 30, 2024 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

The US Department of Defense plans to develop a program to estimate prices and predict supplies of nickel, cobalt and other critical minerals, a move aimed at boosting market transparency but one that throws a new, uncertain variable into global metals markets.

The program, which received little attention after it was announced on a Pentagon website in October, is part of Washington’s broader efforts to jumpstart US production of critical minerals used in weapons manufacturing and the energy transition.

US output lags market leader China partly because attempts to build new American mines can be heavily influenced by commodity price swings.

The Pentagon’s work is being run by its Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) division, which was formed in response to the Soviet Union’s 1957 launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite and helped develop the Internet and the mRNA vaccine for Covid-19.

DARPA and the US Geological Survey plan to hire one or more private contractors to develop an artificial intelligence-backed model that would construct a metal’s “structural price” based on where and when it is produced, as well as labor, supply and other costs, according to documents seen by Reuters that describe the program, including a slide deck that DARPA presented last November to prospective contractors.

#Vale’s $10 billion spend on #Canada targets existing potential

Posted on January 12, 2024 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

Vale Base Metals chairman Mark Cutifani is undertaking a unit-wide asset review that will likely find more potential at the company’s operations in Sudbury, Ontario; Thompson, Manitoba; and Voisey’s Bay and Long Harbour, Newfoundland; Olson said.

Vale also may have an announcement soon on the Bécancour nickel sulphide processing project it’s advancing to supply 25,000 tonnes of nickel a year to General Motors, she said. That deal, announced just over one year ago could be worth about C$762 million per year.

“There’s just a clarity and a certainty in regulation and Canada is a mining country and with that comes a lower risk, and equally you have the wonderful benefit of renewable and clean power,” Olson said. “Canada has a great opportunity to further establish itself as a leader in our industry with community and Indigenous rights leaders.”

#China likely to beat #Europe, #US in meeting battery metals demand through recycling – study

Posted on December 12, 2023 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

China is the most likely candidate to first meet its entire demand for the three most important raw materials for batteries – lithium, cobalt and nickel – through recycling, new research has found.

According to a study by a team at the University of Münster, the race to achieve a complete circular economy for key battery metals will see Europe arriving in second and the US in third place.

In detail, the results show that China is expected to be able to employ recycling to meet its own demand for primary lithium for electric vehicles from 2059 onwards; in Europe and the US, this will not happen until after 2070.

When it comes to cobalt, recycling is expected to ensure that China will be able to meet its needs after 2045, at the earliest; in Europe, this will happen in 2052 and in the US not until 2056.

Finally, for nickel, China can probably meet demand through recycling in 2046 at the earliest, with Europe following in 2058 and the US from 2064 onwards, according to the report.

#China metals firms see #US rules unlikely to upend supply chains

Posted on December 7, 2023 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

Chinese firms producing and processing battery materials see new US rules aimed at limiting Beijing’s grip on the electric-vehicle industry as less stringent than feared, allowing them to preserve a key role in the global supply chain.

Washington’s move, which seeks to cut China out of US tax credits and curb the country’s control over joint ventures, created uncertainty at the end of last week, with questions swirling around the status of Chinese-owned battery-material operations outside the mainland, and over the impact on the wider car and battery industry.

#Norway lawmakers back deep-sea mining in Arctic Ocean

Posted on December 6, 2023 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

Norway has secured a parliamentary majority to go ahead with plans to open the Arctic Ocean to seabed mineral exploration, despite environmental groups and the fishing industry’s warnings that the move would risk the biodiversity of vulnerable ecosystems.

The country’s minority centre-left government and two large opposition parties backed on Tuesday a government’s proposal announced in June to position the country as a frontrunner in commercial-scale deep-sea mining.

The move by the European country, where vast oil and gas reserves have made it one of the world’s wealthiest nations, has as goal to diversify its economy away from fossil fuels.