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#NYTimes: How #US Defense Industry Dodged a #RareEarth Shortage After #China’s Curbs

Posted on December 29, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

A close-up of a Tomahawk missile with a background suggesting military engagement, featuring the word 'SAMARIUM' at the bottom, along with flags representing the United States and China.

Tomahawk missiles are coveted by militaries around the world because they can hit a target 1,000 miles away. That accuracy is possible because their fins use powerful magnets made of samarium — a rare-earth metal that can tolerate high heat.

When China put restrictions on some rare-earth exports this year, it cut off the supply of samarium to American defense contractors that sell to Raytheon, the maker of Tomahawk missiles. Samarium is processed almost exclusively in China, where more than 85 percent of the world’s rare-earth magnets are made.

A carefully orchestrated deal involving two European companies gave U.S. defense contractors access to a new source of samarium, allowing production to continue for now. But that supply — made from material that had been sitting in a factory in France since the 1970s — is limited. Now the Trump administration is racing to develop a new source before the European stockpile runs out.

China began requiring export licenses for samarium and six other rare-earth metals in April after President Trump rolled out tariffs against China and several other nations. A spokesman at the Chinese Embassy in Washington said in an email that the export controls had been instituted to “defend world peace.” Foreign companies that use samarium for military purposes are no longer allowed to buy it.

“No defense contractor will be able to use the same path to buy samarium metal that we’ve used in the past,” said an executive for one of Raytheon’s suppliers, who asked for anonymity because of the sensitivity of the subject. “You’re on the naughty list. You’re not getting that material.”

Most rare-earth magnets are made of neodymium, which is used in everyday applications such as cellphones, auto parts and electronics. But the defense industry requires samarium-cobalt magnets, which can withstand extreme heat.

The stakes for finding alternatives are enormous. Unless new sources of samarium or a substitute material can be found, American manufacturers won’t be able to build fighter jets or precision-guided missiles. They may be forced to sacrifice precision if they can’t get the right magnets, said Aisha Haynes, a former Defense Department official responsible for supply chain issues.

#NASA’s Advanced Hyperspectral Systems Revolutionise #CriticalMineral Discovery

Posted on December 27, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

A satellite equipped for mineral mapping is shown orbiting Earth, with colorful mineral mapping data displayed over mountainous terrain.

NASA mineral mapping technology represents a groundbreaking advancement in mineral exploration, utilising hyperspectral imaging to identify critical battery materials from stratospheric altitudes. This technology captures electromagnetic radiation across 224 contiguous spectral bands, enabling detection of lithium, cobalt, and titanium compounds across vast geographic regions whilst accelerating discovery timelines that traditionally required decades of ground-based exploration.

NASA mineral mapping technology operates fundamentally differently from conventional satellite imaging through its ability to capture electromagnetic radiation across 224 contiguous spectral bands spanning 400-2,500 nanometres. Traditional satellite systems like Landsat utilise only 11 spectral bands, while Sentinel-2 operates with 13 bands, creating significant limitations in mineral identification capabilities.

#Bloomberg: #US #RareEarth Buyers Still See #China Curbs Despite #Trump Deal

Posted on December 26, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

A metallic ring placed on a rocky surface, with Chinese and American flags blurred in the background, symbolizing the geopolitical tension over rare earth elements.

December 25, 2025 at 3:39 AM ES

China is still restricting the rare earth elements that the US needs to produce its own permanent magnets and other products even after President Donald Trump reached a deal with his Chinese counterpart in October to lift restrictions on the supplies, according to market participants.

More than a dozen consumers, producers, government officials and trade experts said that while China has boosted deliveries of finished products — primarily permanent magnets — the US industry remains unable to acquire the inputs needed to make those items on its own, a key priority for the administration.

#Japan to test mine #RareEarth mud from deep seabed

Posted on December 23, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

An underwater vehicle equipped with a Japanese flag is surrounded by swirling rare-earth-rich mud, highlighting Japan's deep-sea mining efforts for critical minerals.

TOKYO, Dec 23 (Reuters) – Japan will conduct test mining of rare-earth-rich mud from the deep seabed off Minamitori Island, some 1,900 kilometres (1,180 miles) southeast of Tokyo, from January 11 to February 14, the head of the government-backed project said on Tuesday.

The operation will mark the world’s first attempt to continuously lift rare-earth mud from a depth of around 6,000 meters on to a vessel.

Tokyo, like its Western allies, is seeking to secure stable supplies of critical minerals as China, the dominant supplier of rare earths, tightens export controls.

“One of our missions is to build a supply chain for domestically produced rare earths to ensure stable supply of minerals essential to industry,” Shoichi Ishii, program director of the Cabinet Office’s national platform for innovative ocean developments, told reporters.

The Japanese government is pressing ahead with a national project as part of broader efforts to strengthen maritime and economic security.

The January test will focus on connecting the deep-sea mining system and confirming its ability to lift 350 metric tons of rare-earth mud per day. Environmental impacts will be monitored both onboard and on the seabed throughout the operation.

No production target has been set, but if successful, a full-scale mining trial will be conducted in February 2027.

The government-funded project has spent about 40 billion yen ($256 million) since 2018, Ishii said, though estimated reserves have not been disclosed.

#Canada #Nickel posts country’s top metal district

Posted on December 18, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

A close-up view of rocky terrain with the word 'NICKEL' prominently featured, incorporating a maple leaf design and a Canadian flag in the corner.

Two new initial resources for Canada Nickel’s (TSX-V: CNC; US-OTC: CNIKF) sulphide deposits in northern Ontario now make its Timmins Nickel District the largest undeveloped nickel base in the country and among the largest globally by contained metal.

The Bannockburn deposit hosts 63 million indicated tonnes grading 0.28% nickel for 180,000 tonnes of contained metal, and 129 million inferred tonnes at 0.27% nickel for 340,000 contained tonnes, the company reported Thursday.

Midlothian holds 595 million inferred tonnes grading 0.28% nickel for 1.68 million tonnes of nickel.

Those resources bump the total contained nickel across the company’s eight projects by about 12% to 20.9 million tonnes.

Globally, the Timmins District tops The Metals Company’s (Nasdaq: TMC) resource for its seabed Clarion-Clipperton Zone project that hosts an estimated 15.5 million contained tonnes of nickel and other critical metals.

#US-#Tanzania push aids Lifezone’s #Kabanga #Nickel build

Posted on December 16, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

An underground mining scene showcasing a nickel deposit, featuring mining trucks, machinery, and flags representing the U.S. and a country with a green, yellow, and red design.

Kabanga is an underground nickel sulphide deposit – higher grade and less energy-intensive to process than Indonesia’s surface laterites, which typically require high-pressure acid leach processing methods. That ore-type difference underpins Kabanga’s cost profile.

Kabanga hosts proven and probable reserves of 52.2 million tonnes grading about 2% nickel, 0.27% copper and 0.15% cobalt.

Why #China will still dominate #RareEarths for a long time?

Posted on December 11, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

Rare Earths Aren’t Rare for Everyone.

The four decades that China spent building dominance in the small world of critical minerals is proving frustratingly hard to overcome.

Energy independence was for decades a fantasy in the US, until the advent of a new kind of oil production technology in the early aughts changed the rules of the game. Thanks to fracking and horizontal drilling, the US overtook petroleum heavyweights such as Russia and Saudi Arabia to become the world’s top oil producer, no longer at the mercy of mercurial trading partners.

Today, President Donald Trump’s White House is chasing a similar dream—this time with rare earth elements, the hard-to-pronounce metals that underpin much of modern technology. But unlike with shale oil and gas, it’s extremely unlikely the US is going to be able to innovate its way out of this profound deficit anytime soon.

#Dumont #Nickel project expected to deliver $1.1 Billion annually to #Canada and advance national #CriticalMinerals goals.

Posted on December 10, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

An open mining site at dusk with construction vehicles, workers wearing safety gear, and a Canadian flag featuring the word 'Nickel' in the foreground.

Dumont Nickel Project (the “Project”), today announced the results of an independent socio-economic study conducted by Aviseo Conseil (“Aviseo”), a strategy and economic consulting firm based in Montréal. In addition to the Project’s expected contribution to the Province of Québec, estimated at over $530 million annually, the Aviseo study confirms that the Project is expected to generate $1.1 billion in annual real GDP for Canada, driven by upstream and downstream economic activity.

Located in Québec, the fully permitted Dumont Nickel Project is one of the world’s largest undeveloped nickel deposits and is poised to increase Canadian nickel output by approximately 15%. This new supply will support battery and advanced materials supply chains, the energy transition, and critical national-security industries—including defense and aerospace. By bringing long-life nickel production to market, the Project is positioned to strengthen market stability and enhance supply-chain security across Western nations.

Metals

#US minerals projects seek ‘industrial vision’ from #Washington to compete with #China

Posted on December 5, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

A serious-looking man in a black jacket holding a mineral sample, with a backdrop featuring the maps of the U.S. and China, representing the competition in the minerals sector.

Washington must move even faster to bolster critical minerals projects and offset Beijing’s grip on the world’s supply of the building blocks for electronics, weapons and a range of other goods, three U.S. mining and refining executives said on Thursday.

The push underscores how Washington’s surging support this year for the sector – including taking stakes in mining companies and guaranteeing a price floor for the only U.S. rare earths mine – is falling short of what industry leaders say is needed amid intense Chinese competition.

Executives from Perpetua Resources, American Rare Earths and Westwin Elements told the Reuters NEXT conference in New York that the U.S. government should release a comprehensive minerals plan, pressure Indonesia to trim nickel production, and speed up the time for the U.S. Export-Import Bank and other agencies to approve loan funding, among other steps.

#Canadian #Copper: #Vale and #Glencore sign historic joint venture deal in #Sudbury

Posted on December 3, 2025 by Nanthakumar Victor Emmanuel, P.Eng Leave a comment

An open-pit mining site with heavy machinery, featuring a Canadian flag in the background and the word 'Copper' displayed prominently.

Mining giants looking to jointly develop copper deposits in Sudbury, via Glencore’s Nickel Rim South Mine.

Vale Base Metals announced on Tuesday that it has signed an agreement with Glencore Canada to jointly evaluate a potential brownfield copper development project at their adjacent properties in the Sudbury Basin.

The project would churn out 880,000 metric tons of copper over 21 years, with a capital cost of up to US$2 billion.